The Challenges of Reforming Graduate Medical Education Payments

example, where does the sensory information encoding location in place cells, spatial geometry in grid cells, or head direction in head direction cells come from, and how is it combined?” Researchers are actively investigating howgridcell activity influencesplacecell activity and vice versa and how these interactionsmaygowrong inAlzheimerdiseaseand other brain conditions. In a mouse model of Alzheimer disease, O’Keefe and his colleagues have shown that place cell degradation correlates with deterioration of animals’ spatial memory (Cacucci F et al. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.2008;105[22]:78637868). Edvard Moser is excited to be an active part of the effort to find clinical applications for the field. “We wish to understand how gr id cel ls interact with other cell types to produce a sense of location. This will lead to knowledge that can hopefully be used by others to work out strategies to detect dysfunctions in the positioning system early on and to prevent further progression of disease.”