Open AccessSmoking Increases the Risk of Panic
Author(s) -
Barbara Isensee,
HansUlrich Wïttchen,
Murray B. Stein,
Michael Höfler,
Roselind Lieb
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
archives of general psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1538-3636
pISSN - 0003-990X
DOI - 10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.692
Subject(s) - panic , panic disorder , hazard ratio , anxiety , psychiatry , psychology , prospective cohort study , odds ratio , anxiety disorder , proportional hazards model , nicotine , confidence interval , psychopathology , medicine
We examined prospectively determined bidirectional associations between smoking and panic and other anxiety disorders and their temporal ordering of onset in a representative community sample of adolescents and young adults.
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