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We investigate the Reynolds-shear-stress carrying structures in the outerlayer of non-equilibrium pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers using fourdirect numerical simulation databases, two cases of non-equilibriumpressure-gradient boundary layers and two of homogeneous shear turbulence. Weexamine and compare the spatial organization and shapes of theReynolds-shear-stress structures, specifically sweeps and ejections, across allcases. The analysis includes five streamwise locations in the boundary layers,varying in pressure-gradient sign, intensity, and upstream history. For theboundary layers, two types of three-dimensional velocity fields are considered:fully spatial fields and spatio-temporal fields using Taylor's frozenturbulence hypothesis. Comparisons of the results indicate that the statisticsof sweep and ejection shapes are sensitive to the choice of convection velocityin Taylor's hypothesis. The sweep and ejection shapes are consistent across allflows when their sizes range from 1 to 10 Corrsin length scales, suggestingthat mean shear plays a similar role in all cases, driving the formation ofReynolds-shear-stress carrying structures and contributing to turbulenceproduction. Sweeps and ejections of different types form side-by-side pairs,while structures of the same type align in an upstream-downstreamconfiguration. This behavior persists regardless of pressure gradientvariations or upstream history, emphasizing the dominant influence of localmean shear.

Spatial Features of Reynolds-Stress Carrying Structures in Turbulent Boundary Layers with Pressure Gradient