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Magnetic reconnection is an explosive energy release event. It plays animportant role in accelerating particles to high non-thermal energies. Theseparticles often exhibit energy spectra characterized by a power-lawdistribution. However, the partitioning of energy between thermal andnon-thermal components, and between ions and electrons, remains unclear. Thisstudy provides estimates of energy partition based on a statistical analysis ofmagnetic reconnection events in Earth's magnetotail using data from theMagnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Ions are up to ten times moreenergetic than electrons but have softer spectra. We found for both ions andelectrons that, as the average energy of particles (temperature) increases,their energy spectra become \textit{softer} (steeper) and thus, the fraction ofenergy carried by the non-thermal components decreases. These results challengeexisting theories of particle acceleration through magnetotail reconnection.

Energy partitioning between thermal and non-thermal electrons and ions in magnetotail reconnection