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A forward mutagenesis assay using the  supF  gene has been widely employed for the last several decades in studies addressing mutation frequencies and mutation spectra associated with various intrinsic and environmental mutagens. In this study, by using a  supF  shuttle vector and non-SOS-induced  Escherichia coli  with short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we present an advanced method for the study of mutations, which is simple, versatile, and cost-effective. We demonstrate the performance of our newly developed assay via pilot experiments with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the results from which emerge more relevant than expected. The NGS data obtained from samples of the indicator  E. coli  grown on titer plates provides mutation frequency and spectrum data, and uncovers obscure mutations that cannot be detected by a conventional  supF  assay. Furthermore, a very small amount of NGS data from selection plates reveals the almost full spectrum of mutations in each specimen and offers us a novel insight into the mechanisms of mutagenesis, despite them being considered already well known. We believe that the method presented here will contribute to future opportunities for research on mutagenesis, DNA repair, and cancer.

elife

Development of a versatile high-throughput mutagenesis assay with multiplexed short-read NGS using DNA-barcoded  supF  shuttle vector library amplified in  E. coli