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We developed an  Xrcc4 M61R   separation of function mouse line to overcome the embryonic lethality of Xrcc4-deficient mice. XRCC4 M61R  protein does not interact with Xlf, thus obliterating XRCC4-Xlf filament formation while preserving the ability to stabilize DNA ligase IV. X4 M61R  mice, which are DNA repair deficient, phenocopy the  Nhej1-/-  (known as  Xlf  -/-) setting with a minor impact on the development of the adaptive immune system. The core non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair factor XRCC4 is therefore not mandatory for V(D)J recombination aside from its role in stabilizing DNA ligase IV. In contrast,  Xrcc4 M61R   mice crossed on  Paxx-/- ,  Nhej1-/- , or  Atm -/- backgrounds are severely immunocompromised, owing to aborted V(D)J recombination as in  Xlf-Paxx  and  Xlf-Atm  double Knock Out (DKO) settings. Furthermore, massive apoptosis of post-mitotic neurons causes embryonic lethality of  Xrcc4 M61R  -Nhej1-/-  double mutants. These in vivo results reveal new functional interplays between XRCC4 and PAXX, ATM and Xlf in mouse development and provide new insights into the understanding of the clinical manifestations of human  XRCC4 -deficient condition, in particular its absence of immune deficiency.

An XRCC4 mutant mouse, a model for human X4 syndrome, reveals interplays with Xlf, PAXX, and ATM in lymphoid development