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Neuronal cell fate determinants establish the identities of neurons by controlling gene expression to regulate neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity. However, it is not understood if neuronal cell fate determinants have postmitotic functions in synapse pattern formation. Here we identify a novel role for UNC-4 homeobox protein and its corepressor UNC-37/Groucho, in tiled synaptic patterning of the cholinergic motor neurons in  Caenorhabditis elegans . We show that  unc-4  is not required during neurogenesis but is required in the postmitotic neurons for proper synapse patterning. In contrast,  unc-37  is required in both developing and postmitotic neurons. The synaptic tiling defects of  unc-4  mutants are suppressed by  bar-1/β-catenin  mutation, which positively regulates the expression of  ceh-12/HB9 . Ectopic  ceh-12  expression partly underlies the synaptic tiling defects of  unc-4  and  unc-37  mutants. Our results reveal a novel postmitotic role of neuronal cell fate determinants in synapse pattern formation through inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.

elife

Sustained expression of  unc-4  homeobox gene and  unc-37/Groucho  in postmitotic neurons specifies the spatial organization of the cholinergic synapses in  C. elegans