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Circadian clocks display remarkable reliability despite significant stochasticity in biomolecular reactions. We study the dynamics of a circadian clock-controlled gene at the individual cell level in  Anabaena  sp. PCC 7120, a multicellular filamentous cyanobacterium. We found significant synchronization and spatial coherence along filaments, clock coupling due to cell-cell communication, and gating of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we observed low-amplitude circadian oscillatory transcription of  kai  genes encoding the post-transcriptional core oscillatory circuit and high-amplitude oscillations of  rpaA  coding for the master regulator transducing the core clock output. Transcriptional oscillations of  rpaA  suggest an additional level of regulation. A stochastic one-dimensional toy model of coupled clock cores and their phosphorylation states shows that demographic noise can seed stochastic oscillations outside the region where deterministic limit cycles with circadian periods occur. The model reproduces the observed spatio-temporal coherence along filaments and provides a robust description of coupled circadian clocks in a multicellular organism.

Robust, coherent, and synchronized circadian clock-controlled oscillations along Anabaena filaments