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Synapses are fundamental information processing units that rely on voltage-gated Ca 2+  (Ca v ) channels to trigger Ca 2+ -dependent neurotransmitter release. Ca v  channels also play Ca 2+ -independent roles in other biological contexts, but whether they do so in axon terminals is unknown. Here, we addressed this unknown with respect to the requirement for Ca v 1.4 L-type channels for the formation of rod photoreceptor synapses in the retina. Using a mouse strain expressing a non-conducting mutant form of Ca v 1.4, we report that the Ca v 1.4 protein, but not its Ca 2+  conductance, is required for the molecular assembly of rod synapses; however, Ca v 1.4 Ca 2+  signals are needed for the appropriate recruitment of postsynaptic partners. Our results support a model in which presynaptic Ca v  channels serve both as organizers of synaptic building blocks and as sources of Ca 2+  ions in building the first synapse of the visual pathway and perhaps more broadly in the nervous system.

A dual role for Ca v 1.4 Ca 2+ channels in the molecular and structural organization of the rod photoreceptor synapse