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Planar cell polarity (PCP) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are linked, with a subset of NTD patients found to harbor mutations in PCP genes, but there is limited data on whether these mutations disrupt PCP signaling in vivo. The core PCP gene  Van Gogh  ( Vang ),  Vangl1 /2 in mammals, is the most specific for PCP. We thus addressed potential causality of NTD-associated  Vangl1 /2 mutations, from either mouse or human patients, in  Drosophila  allowing intricate analysis of the PCP pathway. Introducing the respective mammalian mutations into  Drosophila Vang  revealed defective phenotypic and functional behaviors, with changes to Vang localization, post-translational modification, and mechanistic function, such as its ability to interact with PCP effectors. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how different mammalian mutations contribute to developmental disorders and strengthen the link between PCP and NTD. Importantly, analyses of the human mutations revealed that each is a causative factor for the associated NTD.

Mutations associated with human neural tube defects display disrupted planar cell polarity in Drosophila