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A mathematical model is proposed to predict the as-cast macrostructure formation under the effect of grain\udsettling. This model combines the macroscopic conservation equations for mass, energy, and chemical species with the\udcellular automaton technique to simulate the nucleation, growth, and settling of grains within the liquid metal. The model\udis applied to the solidification of a single grain settling in an undercooled liquid and showed an increase in temperature\udand solute concentration in the lower regions of the domain owing to the latent heat release and solute transfer from\udthe grain envelopes to the liquid. The model is also applied to the upwards or downwards unidirectional solidification. In\udthe upwards solidification, the settling of grains results in a completely columnar grain structure which otherwise, in the\udabsence of settling, gives a mixed columnar and equiaxed grain structure. In the downwards solidification, the columnar\udgrains growing downwards are blocked by a layer of equiaxed grains that settle and grow upwards at the ingot base

MODELO MATEMÁTICO DETERMINÍSTICO-ESTOCÁSTICO PARA PREVISÃO DA MACROESTRUTURA BRUTA DE SOLIDIFICAÇÃO SOB EFEITO DA DECANTAÇÃO DE GRÃOS