Open AccessEmerging Biomarkers Beyond Leukotrienes for the Management of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Author(s) -
Hyo-In Rhyou,
Young Hee Nam,
HaeSim Park
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
allergy, asthma and immunology research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 2092-7363
pISSN - 2092-7355
DOI - 10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.153
Subject(s) - nerd , medicine , exhaled breath condensate , asthma , biomarker , nasal polyps , leukotriene , aspirin , inflammation , immunology , disease , gerd , biochemistry , chemistry , reflux
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is a unique condition characterized by aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity, adult-onset asthma, and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Arachidonic acid metabolism dysregulation and intense eosinophilic/type 2 inflammation are central mechanisms in NERD. Studies have been conducted on various biomarkers, and urinary leukotriene E4 is considered the most available biomarker of NERD. However, the pathophysiology of NERD is heterogeneous and complex. Epithelial cells and platelets can interact with immune cells in NERD, and novel biomarkers related to these interactions have recently been investigated. We summarize emerging novel biomarkers of NERD and discuss their roles in the management of NERD.