Open AccessPolygenic risk score for genetic evaluation of prostate cancer risk in Asian populations: A narrative review
Author(s) -
Sang Hun Song,
Seok Soo Byun
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
investigative and clinical urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.653
H-Index - 14
eISSN - 2466-054X
pISSN - 2466-0493
DOI - 10.4111/icu.20210124
Subject(s) - medicine , penetrance , single nucleotide polymorphism , genome wide association study , prostate cancer , genetic association , genetics , cancer , oncology , bioinformatics , gene , biology , genotype , phenotype
Decreasing costs of genetic testing and interest in disease inheritance has changed the landscape of cancer prediction in prostate cancer (PCa), and guidelines now include genetic testing for high-risk groups. Familial and hereditary PCa comprises approximately 20% and 5% of all PCa, respectively. Multifaceted disorders like PCa are caused by a combinatory effect of rare genes of high penetrance and smaller genetic variants of relatively lower effect size. Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a novel tool utilizing PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate an additive estimate of an individual's lifetime genetic risk for cancer. However, most PRS are developed based on GWAS collected from mainly European populations and do not address ethnic differences in PCa genetics. This review highlights the attempts to generate a PRS tailored to Asian males including data from Korea, China, and Japan, and discuss the clinical implications for prediction of early onset and aggressive PCa.