Open AccessPain and anxiety assessment during cystourethroscopy in males using voiding instruction: A prospective, randomized controlled study
Author(s) -
Debansu Sarkar,
Kunal Kapoor,
Dilip Kumar Pal
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
urology annals
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.355
H-Index - 20
eISSN - 0974-7834
pISSN - 0974-7796
DOI - 10.4103/ua.ua_196_17
Subject(s) - medicine , cystoscopy , anxiety , visual analogue scale , randomized controlled trial , urination , population , anesthesia , surgery , physical therapy , urinary system , environmental health , psychiatry
Office cystourethroscopy is one of the common and most frequent urological procedures. Pain and anxiety during the procedure might lead to noncompliance and incomplete cystoscopic examination. Negotiating cystoscope through external sphincter is the most painful and uncomfortable distressing part of cystoscopy. To overcome this, manual compression of irrigation bag during cystoscopy has been used and found to be helpful. Numerous other methods were also studied. Despite these, cystoscopy is still painful and causes anxiety in patients. External sphincter gets relaxed naturally during the act of micturition. Based on this principle, pain and anxiety were studied with voiding instruction during cystourethroscopy.