Open AccessStage 5 retinopathy of prematurity: An update
Author(s) -
Parveen Sen,
Smriti Jain,
Pramod Bhende
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
taiwan journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2211-5072
pISSN - 2211-5056
DOI - 10.4103/tjo.tjo_61_18
Subject(s) - medicine , retinopathy of prematurity , blindness , blinding , disease , intervention (counseling) , intensive care medicine , psychological intervention , childhood blindness , stage (stratigraphy) , pediatrics , diabetic retinopathy , retinal detachment , optometry , surgery , ophthalmology , pregnancy , retinal , pathology , gestational age , nursing , diabetes mellitus , randomized controlled trial , paleontology , genetics , endocrinology , biology
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in children. In spite of the availability of various treatment options, and favorable results with timely intervention, many infants present to the ophthalmologists in the advanced end stage of the disease due to lack of awareness especially in the developing nations. This blinding or Stage 5 of ROP presents with total retinal detachment and has to be managed surgically. The surgical techniques for Stage 5 ROP are unique and demanding. The successful anatomical results after surgery are only seen in 20%-50% of cases. In spite of a successful anatomical result, the visual outcome may be slow and limited. The use of newer pharmacological adjuncts has shown promising results. Because of heterogeneity of presentation of the disease severity, a genetic predisposition has also been proposed. A concerted effort from the pediatricians, ophthalmologists, and healthcare workers is required to establish effective screening and treatment guidelines to prevent blindness due to ROP. Till then surgical management has to be done. Parents must be educated regarding the limited visual benefits of surgery and the need for prolonged follow-up. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, surgical interventions, and their outcomes and future prospects of Stage 5 ROP.