Open AccessManagement of eyelid retraction related to thyroid eye disease
Author(s) -
MidoriH Osaki,
TammyH Osaki,
LucasG Monteiro
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
taiwan journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2211-5072
pISSN - 2211-5056
DOI - 10.4103/tjo.tjo_57_21
Subject(s) - medicine , eyelid , psychosocial , disease , modalities , quality of life (healthcare) , treatment modality , eye disease , thyroid , stage (stratigraphy) , dermatology , surgery , intensive care medicine , pathology , psychiatry , nursing , paleontology , social science , sociology , biology
Eyelid retraction related to thyroid eye disease (TED) is a challenging condition. It is one of the main clinical signs and a major diagnostic criterion in TED. This condition may threaten vision due to exposure keratopathy, in addition to its esthetic alterations, which may lead to psychosocial implications and affect the patient's quality of life. Although it is more commonly observed in the upper eyelid, it may be present on both the upper and lower lids. Numerous surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities have been described and will be reviewed in this article. Management should be based on an individual patient assessment, taking into consideration the disease stage, severity, and clinician experience.