Open AccessBotulinum toxin application in facial esthetics and recent treatment indications (2013-2018)
Author(s) -
Vivekanand Kattimani,
Rahul Vc Tiwari,
Khalid Gufran,
Bharti Wasan,
P H Shilpa,
Anas Abdul Khader
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of international society of preventive and community dentistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.476
H-Index - 14
eISSN - 2250-1002
pISSN - 2231-0762
DOI - 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_430_18
Subject(s) - beauty , botulinum toxin , perception , psychology , narrative , aesthetics , medicine , surgery , art , literature , neuroscience
Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics. The face remains main source of information for identification and discrimination. It constitutes a structural ground for many nonverbal messages including the emotional state of a person, so the proverb "Face is an index of mind" holds good. The wrinkles and laxity are considered to be one of the factors for aging. Hence, escalating demand for cosmetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles and laxity has stimulated us to search for published literature for nonsurgical techniques for enhancement of facial beauty. The review analyzed the published data to provide narrative basic review in a concise way to the beginners, clinicians, and students.