Open AccessNeovascular glaucoma - A review
Author(s) -
Sirisha Senthil,
Tanuj Dada,
Taraprasad Das,
Sushmita Kaushik,
George Varghese Puthuran,
Reni Philip,
Padmaja Kumari Rani,
Harsha L. Rao,
Shaveta Singla,
Lingam Vijaya
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
indian journal of ophthalmology/indian journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.542
H-Index - 51
eISSN - 1998-3689
pISSN - 0301-4738
DOI - 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1591_20
Subject(s) - medicine , ophthalmology , glaucoma , diabetic retinopathy , ischemia , intraocular pressure , central retinal vein occlusion , retinal , retinal vein , neovascular glaucoma , diabetes mellitus , cardiology , macular edema , endocrinology
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a sight-threatening secondary glaucoma characterized by appearance of new vessels over the iris and proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the anterior chamber angle. Retinal ischemia is the common driving factor and common causes are central retinal vein occlusion, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome. The current rise in the prevalence of NVG is partly related to increase in people with diabetes. A high index of suspicion and a thorough anterior segment evaluation to identify the early new vessels on the iris surface or angle are essential for early diagnosis of NVG. With newer imaging modalities such as the optical coherence tomography angiography and newer treatment options such as the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, it is possible to detect retinal ischemia early, tailor appropriate treatment, monitor disease progression, and treatment response. The management strategies are aimed at reducing the posterior segment ischemia, reduce the neovascular drive, and control the elevated intraocular pressure. This review summarizes the causes, pathogenesis, and differential diagnoses of NVG, and the management guidelines. We also propose a treatment algorithm of neovascular glaucoma.