Open AccessFunctional cardiac measurements performed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography in normal fetuses: Determination of Z-scores and future prospects
Author(s) -
Luciane Alves Rocha,
Nathalie Jeanne BravoValenzuela,
Líliam Cristine Rôlo,
E. Araújo
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
annals of pediatric cardiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.292
H-Index - 19
eISSN - 0974-2069
pISSN - 0974-5149
DOI - 10.4103/apc.apc_173_18
Subject(s) - medicine , doppler effect , cardiology , doppler echocardiography , hemodynamics , blood flow , color doppler , waveform , fetus , radiology , diastole , ultrasonography , pregnancy , computer science , blood pressure , telecommunications , radar , physics , genetics , astronomy , biology
Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiogram with the aid of color Doppler and pulsed Doppler allows one to record blood flow waveforms in several structures of the heart. The determination of normal values of these flows in the fetus can help understand cardiac hemodynamics. Given this importance, numerous surveys have been conducted with various existing echocardiographic techniques in order to improve the functional evaluation and consequently, planning of delivery. The aim of this review was to discuss the findings of the reference values of blood flows obtained by 2D echocardiography with Doppler, the current trend of the determination of Z-scores in the functional measurements, and their future prospects.