Open AccessCoomb's negative cold agglutinin disease: A rare report of an incidentally detected case
Author(s) -
K V Vinu Balraam,
Adnan Masood,
Nidhi Garg,
Venkatesan Somasundaram
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
asian journal of transfusion science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.262
H-Index - 22
eISSN - 1998-3565
pISSN - 0973-6247
DOI - 10.4103/ajts.ajts_78_20
Subject(s) - medicine , cold agglutinin , cold agglutinin disease , autoantibody , autoimmune hemolytic anemia , hemolysis , antibody , anemia , immunology , hemolytic anemia , disease , respiratory failure , gastroenterology
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia which usually results due to production of immunoglobulin M-type autoantibody against the I/i and H antigens on red blood cell membrane. They can be idiopathic or may be due to underlying lymphoproliferative disorders or atypical infections. It can have a varied presentation ranging from being incidentally detected to being totally transfusion dependent for a longer or shorter duration. Several factors play a role in determining the ability of cold agglutinins in inducing hemolysis such as antibody concentration and temperature. Here, we present a 54-year-old patient, a known case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was admitted to our hospital in the winter months as a case of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. During the course of the stay, the patient developed respiratory insufficiency and went into Type II respiratory failure and hematological investigations revealed features of CAD.