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We aimed to explore the associations between the age at which children undergo surgery for hypospadias and a range of social and clinical factors in a single center. Our aim was to promote the early surgical treatment of children with hypospadias. For a 6-year period, social and clinical data were collected from all children undergoing surgery to repair hypospadias in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China), located in southwest of China. We analyzed the correlations between age at surgery and a range of social and clinical factors. A total of 1611 eligible cases were recruited, with a mean age of 54.3 months and a median age of 42 months: 234 cases (14.5%) were classified into a "timely operation" group, 419 (26.0%) cases into a "subtimely operation" group, and 958 (59.5%) cases into a "delayed operation" group. According to multivariate regression analyses, the higher the regional economic level, the closer the urethral opening to the perineum, and the higher the educational level of the guardians was, the younger the children were when they underwent the initial surgery for hypospadias; this was also the case for families without other children. Our subgroup analysis showed that the primary educational level of the guardians was a risk factor for subtimely surgery in their children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.15, P &lt; 0.05). A lower regional economic level (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.26-2.78, P &lt; 0.01), a lower educational level of the guardians (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.31-6.41, P &lt; 0.01), and an anterior-segment urethral opening (OR 1 [vs middle hypospadias] = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42-3.03; OR 2 [vs posterior hypospadias] = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.75-3.95; P &lt; 0.01) were all risk factors for delayed surgery in children.

asian journal of andrology

Analysis of the social and clinical factors affecting the age of children when receiving surgery for hypospadias: a retrospective study of 1611 cases in a single center