Open AccessDiabetes insipidus: The other diabetes
Author(s) -
Sanjay Kalra,
Abdul Hamid Zargar,
Sunil Jain,
Bipin Sethi,
Subhankar Chowdhury,
Awadhesh Kumar Singh,
Thomas Nicolaï,
AG Unnikrishnan,
Piya Ballani Thakkar,
Harshad Malve
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.456
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 2230-9500
pISSN - 2230-8210
DOI - 10.4103/2230-8210.172273
Subject(s) - desmopressin , medicine , diabetes insipidus , vasopressin , posterior pituitary , thiazide , urine osmolality , hyponatremia , hydrochlorothiazide , nephrogenic diabetes insipidus , endocrinology , aquaporin 2 , pituitary gland , hormone , diuretic , water channel , mechanical engineering , blood pressure , engineering , inlet
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a hereditary or acquired condition which disrupts normal life of persons with the condition; disruption is due to increased thirst and passing of large volumes of urine, even at night. A systematic search of literature for DI was carried out using the PubMed database for the purpose of this review. Central DI due to impaired secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) could result from traumatic brain injury, surgery, or tumors whereas nephrogenic DI due to failure of the kidney to respond to AVP is usually inherited. The earliest treatment was posterior pituitary extracts containing vasopressin and oxytocin. The synthetic analog of vasopressin, desmopressin has several benefits over vasopressin. Desmopressin was initially available as intranasal preparation, but now the oral tablet and melt formulations have gained significance, with benefits such as ease of administration and stability at room temperature. Other molecules used for treatment include chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, thiazide diuretics, indapamide, clofibrate, indomethacin, and amiloride. However, desmopressin remains the most widely used drug for the treatment of DI. This review covers the physiology of water balance, causes of DI and various treatment modalities available, with a special focus on desmopressin.