Open AccessVitamin D levels and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Sarita Bajaj,
Raj Pratap Singh,
Dwivedi Nc,
Kamaljeet Singh,
Arvind Gupta,
Manoj Mathur
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.456
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 2230-9500
pISSN - 2230-8210
DOI - 10.4103/2230-8210.137512
Subject(s) - medicine , vitamin d and neurology , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , vitamin d deficiency , albuminuria , nephropathy , diabetes mellitus , diabetic retinopathy , retinopathy , insulin resistance , insulin , diabetic nephropathy , peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin D has important actions on glucose metabolism. These include improved insulin exocytosis, direct stimulation of insulin receptor, improved uptake of glucose by peripheral tissues, improving insulin resistance. It has got various pleiotropic effects like suppression of cell mediated immunity, regulation of cell proliferation, stimulation of neurotropic factors such as nerve growth factor, Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotropin, suppression of RAAS, reduction of albuminuria, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, vitamin D is implicated in many ways in the pathogenesis of retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy.