Open AccessAdipose tissue, systematic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases
Author(s) -
Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti,
Pedro Henrique de O. Cardoso,
Breno Emanuel Farias Frihling,
Patrícia Souza e Silva,
Luiz Filipe Ramalho Nunes de Moraes,
Ludovico Migliolo
Publication year - 2023
Publication title -
neural regeneration research/neural regeneration research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.93
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1876-7958
pISSN - 1673-5374
DOI - 10.4103/1673-5374.343891
Subject(s) - adipokine , adipose tissue , neuroinflammation , inflammation , medicine , endocrinology , systemic inflammation , bioinformatics , obesity , insulin resistance , neuroscience , biology
Obesity is associated with several diseases, including mental health. Adipose tissue is distributed around the internal organs, acting in the regulation of metabolism by storing and releasing fatty acids and adipokine in the tissues. Excessive nutritional intake results in hypertrophy and proliferation of adipocytes, leading to local hypoxia in adipose tissue and changes in these adipokine releases. This leads to the recruitment of immune cells to adipose tissue and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The presence of high levels of free fatty acids and inflammatory molecules interfere with intracellular insulin signaling, which can generate a neuroinflammatory process. In this review, we provide an up-to-date discussion of how excessive obesity can lead to possible cognitive dysfunction. We also address the idea that obesity-associated systemic inflammation leads to neuroinflammation in the brain, particularly the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and that this is partially responsible for these negative cognitive outcomes. In addition, we discuss some clinical models and animal studies for obesity and clarify the mechanism of action of anti-obesity drugs in the central nervous system.