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Previous efforts have modeled the Didymos system as two irregularly shapedrigid bodies, although it is likely that one or both components are in factrubble piles. Here, we relax the rigid-body assumption to quantify how thisaffects the spin and orbital dynamics of the system following the DART impact.Given known fundamental differences between our simulation codes, we find thatfaster rigid-body simulations produce nearly the same result as rubble-pilemodels in scenarios with a moderate value for the momentum enhancement factor,$\beta$ ($\beta{\sim}3$) and an ellipsoidal secondary. This indicates that therigid-body approach is likely adequate for propagating the post-impact dynamicsnecessary to meet DART Mission requirements. Although, if Dimorphos has ahighly-irregular shape or structure, or if $\beta$ is unexpectedly large, thenrubble-pile effects may become important. If Dimorphos's orbit and spin stateare sufficiently excited, then surface particle motion is also possible.However, these simulations are limited in their resolution and range ofmaterial parameters, so they serve as a demonstration of principle, and Futurework is required to fully understand the likelihood and magnitude of surfacemotion.

Dynamical Evolution of the Didymos-Dimorphos Binary Asteroid as Rubble Piles following the DART Impact