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With the commissioning of powerful, new-generation telescopes such as theJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the ground-based Extremely LargeTelescopes, the first characterization of a high molecular weight atmospherearound a temperate rocky exoplanet is imminent. Atmospheric simulations andsynthetic observables of target exoplanets are essential to prepare andinterpret these observations. Here we report the results of the first part ofthe TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI) project, whichcompares 3D numerical simulations performed with four state-of-the-art globalclimate models (ExoCAM, LMD-Generic, ROCKE-3D, Unified Model) for thepotentially habitable target TRAPPIST-1e. In this first part, we present theresults of dry atmospheric simulations. These simulations serve as a benchmarkto test how radiative transfer, subgrid-scale mixing (dry turbulence andconvection), and large-scale dynamics impact the climate of TRAPPIST-1e andconsequently the transit spectroscopy signature as seen by JWST. To firstorder, the four models give results in good agreement. The intermodel spread inthe global mean surface temperature amounts to 7K (6K) for the N2-dominated(CO2-dominated) atmosphere. The radiative fluxes are also remarkably similar(intermodel variations less than 5%), from the surface (1 bar) up toatmospheric pressures around 5 mbar. Moderate differences between the modelsappear in the atmospheric circulation pattern (winds) and the (stratospheric)thermal structure. These differences arise between the models from (1)large-scale dynamics, because TRAPPIST-1e lies at the tipping point between twodifferent circulation regimes (fast and Rhines rotators) in which the modelscan be alternatively trapped, and (2) parameterizations used in the upperatmosphere such as numerical damping.

The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). Part I: Dry Cases -- The fellowship of the GCMs