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The orbital distribution of transneptunian objects (TNOs) in the distantKuiper Belt (with semimajor axes beyond the 2:1 resonance, roughly $a$=50-100au) provides constraints on the dynamical history of the outer solar system.Recent studies show two striking features of this region: 1) a very largepopulation of objects in distant mean-motion resonances with Neptune, and 2)the existence of a substantial detached population (non-resonant objectslargely decoupled from Neptune). Neptune migration models are able to implantsome resonant and detached objects during the planet migration era, but manyfail to match a variety of aspects of the orbital distribution. In this work,we report simulations carried out using an improved version of the GPU-basedcode GLISSE, following 100,000 test particles per simulation in parallel whilehandling their planetary close encounters. We demonstrate for the first timethat a 2 Earth-mass rogue planet temporarily present during planet formationcan abundantly populate both the distant resonances and the detachedpopulations, surprisingly even without planetary migration. We show how weakencounters with the rogue greatly increase the efficiency of filling theresonances, while also dislodging TNOs out of resonance once they reach highperihelia. The rogue's secular gravitational influence simultaneously generatesnumerous detached objects observed at all semimajor axes. These results suggestthat the early presence of additional planet(s) reproduces the observed TNOorbital structure in the distant Kuiper Belt.

A Rogue Planet Helps Populate the Distant Kuiper Belt