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We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of active asteroid P/2020 O1taken to examine its development for a year after perihelion. We find that themass loss peaks <~1 kg/s in 2020 August and then declines to nearly zero overfour months. Long-duration mass loss (~180 days) is consistent with asublimation origin, indicating that this object is likely an ice-bearingmain-belt comet. Equilibrium sublimation of water ice from an area as small as1580 m^2 can supply the observed mass loss. Time-series photometry showstentative evidence for extremely rapid rotation (double-peaked period < 2 hr)of the small nucleus (effective radius ~420 m). Ejection velocities of 0.1 mmparticles are comparable to the 0.3 m/s gravitational escape speed from thenucleus, while larger particles are ejected at speeds less than the escapevelocity. These properties are consistent with the sublimation of near-surfaceice aided by centripetal acceleration. If water ice sublimation is confirmed,P/2020 O1 would be the icy asteroid with the smallest semimajor axis (highesttemperature), setting new bounds on the distribution of ice in the asteroidbelt.

Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Active Asteroid P/2020 O1 (Lemmon-PANSTARRS)