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In this Letter, we report the discovery of an ultraluminous fast-evolvingtransient in rest-frame UV wavelengths, MUSSES2020J, soon after its occurrenceby using the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) mounted on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. Therise time of about 5 days with an extremely high UV peak luminosity sharessimilarities to a handful of fast blue optical transients whose peakluminosities are comparable with the most luminous supernovae while theirtimescales are significantly shorter (hereafter "fast blue ultraluminoustransient," FBUT). In addition, MUSSES2020J is located near the center of anormal low-mass galaxy at a redshift of 1.063, suggesting a possible connectionbetween the energy source of MUSSES2020J and the central part of the hostgalaxy. Possible physical mechanisms powering this extreme transient such as awind-driven tidal disruption event and an interaction between supernova andcircumstellar material are qualitatively discussed based on the first multibandearly-phase light curve of FBUTs, although whether the scenarios canquantitatively explain the early photometric behavior of MUSSES2020J requiressystematical theoretical investigations. Thanks to the ultrahigh luminosity inUV and blue optical wavelengths of these extreme transients, a promising numberof FBUTs from the local to the high-z universe can be discovered through deepwide-field optical surveys in the near future.

MUSSES2020J: The Earliest Discovery of a Fast Blue Ultraluminous Transient at Redshift 1.063