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Self-organized criticality describes a class of dynamical systems thatmaintain themselves in an attractor state with no intrinsic length or timescale. Fundamentally, this theoretical construct requires a mechanism forinstability that may trigger additional instabilities locally via dissipativeprocesses. This concept has been invoked to explain nonlinear dynamicalphenomena such as featureless energy spectra that have been observedempirically for earthquakes, avalanches, and solar flares. If thisinterpretation proves correct, it implies that the solar coronal magnetic fieldmaintains itself in a critical state via a delicate balance between thedynamo-driven injection of magnetic energy and the release of that energy viaflaring events. All-sky high-cadence surveys like the Transiting ExoplanetSurvey Satellite (TESS) provide the necessary data to compare the energydistribution of flaring events in stars of different spectral types to thatobserved in the Sun. We identified $\sim 10^6$ flaring events on $\sim 10^5$stars observed by TESS at 2-minute cadence. By fitting the flare frequencydistribution for different mass bins, we find that all main sequence starsexhibit distributions of flaring events similar to that observed in the Sun,independent of their mass or age. This may suggest that stars universallymaintain a critical state in their coronal topologies via magnetic reconnectionevents. If this interpretation proves correct, we may be able to inferproperties of magnetic fields, interior structure, and dynamo mechanisms forstars that are otherwise unresolved point sources.

Testing Self-Organized Criticality Across the Main Sequence using Stellar Flares from TESS