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We present a population of 19 radio-luminous supernovae (SNe) with emissionreaching $L_{\nu}{\sim}10^{26}-10^{29}\,\rm{erg\,s^{-1}Hz^{-1}}$ in the firstepoch of the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) at $2-4$GHz. Our sampleincludes one long Gamma-Ray Burst, SN 2017iuk/GRB171205A, and 18 core-collapseSNe detected at $\approx (1-60)$years after explosion. No thermonuclearexplosion shows evidence for bright radio emission, and hydrogen-poorprogenitors dominate the sub-sample of core-collapse events with spectroscopicclassification at the time of explosion (79\%). We interpret these findingsinto the context of the expected radio emission from the forward shockinteraction with the circumstellar medium (CSM). We conclude that theseobservations require a departure from the single wind-like density profile(i.e., $\rho_{\rm{CSM}}\propto r^{-2}$) that is expected around massive starsand/or a departure from a spherical Newtonian shock. Viable alternativesinclude the shock interaction with a detached, dense shell of CSM formed by alarge effective progenitor mass-loss rate $\dot M \sim (10^{-4}-10^{-1})$M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ (for an assumed wind velocity of$1000\,\rm{km\,s^{-1}}$); emission from an off-axis relativistic jet enteringour line of sight; or the emergence of emission from a newly-born pulsar-windnebula. The relativistic SN 2012ap that is detected 5.7 and 8.5 years afterexplosion with $L_{\nu}{\sim}10^{28}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ might constitutethe first detections of an off-axis jet+cocoon system in a massive star.However, none of the VLASS-SNe with archival data points are consistent withour model off-axis jet light curves. Future multi-wavelength observations willdistinguish among these scenarios.Our VLASS source catalogs, which were used toperform the VLASS cross matching, are publicly available athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4895112.

Luminous Late-time Radio Emission from Supernovae Detected by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS)