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We present a comprehensive analysis of 653 optical candidate counterpartsreported during the third gravitational wave (GW) observing run. Our sampleconcentrates on candidates from the 15 events (published in GWTC-2, GWTC-3 ornot retracted on GraceDB) that had a >1% chance of including a neutron star inorder to assess their viability as true kilonovae. In particular, we leveragetools available in real time, including pre-merger detections andcross-matching with catalogs (i.e. point source, variable star, quasar and hostgalaxy redshift datasets), to eliminate 65% of candidates in our sample. Wefurther employ spectroscopic classifications, late-time detections and lightcurve behavior analyses, and conclude that 66 candidates remain viablekilonovae. These candidates lack sufficient information to determine theirclassifications, and the majority would require luminosities greater than thatof AT2017gfo. Pre-merger detections in public photometric survey data andcomparison of catalogued host galaxy redshifts with the GW event distances arecritical to incorporate into vetting procedures, as these tools eliminated >20%and >30% of candidates, respectively. We expect that such tools which leveragearchival information will significantly reduce the strain on spectroscopic andphotometric follow-up resources in future observing runs. Finally, we discussthe critical role prompt updates from GW astronomers to the EM community playin reducing the number of candidates requiring vetting.

A Systematic Exploration of Kilonova Candidates from Neutron Star Mergers During the Third Gravitational Wave Observing Run