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Observations of luminous quasars and their supermassive black holes at z~6suggest that they formed at dense matter peaks in the early universe. However,few studies have found definitive evidence that the quasars lie at cosmicdensity peaks, in clear contrast with theory predictions. Here we present newevidence that the radio-loud quasar SDSS J0836+0054 at z=5.8 could be part of asurprisingly rich structure of galaxies. This conclusion is reached bycombining a number of findings previously reported in the literature: Bosman etal. (2020) obtained the redshifts of three companion galaxies, confirming anoverdensity of i-dropouts found by Zheng et al. (2006). By comparing thisstructure with those found near other quasars and large overdense regions inthe field at z~6-7, we show that the SDSS J0836+0054 field is among the denseststructures known at these redshifts. One of the spectroscopic companions is avery massive star-forming galaxy (log M_*/M_sun ~ 10.3) based on itsunambiguous detection in a Spitzer 3.6 um image. This suggests that the quasarfield hosts not one, but at least two rare, massive dark matter halos (logM_halo/M_sun > 12), corresponding to a galaxy overdensity of at least 20. Wediscuss the properties of the young radio source. We conclude that theenvironment of SDSS J0836+0054 resembles, at least qualitatively, the type ofconditions that may have spurred the direct collapse of a massive black holeseed according to recent theory.

Conditions for direct black hole seed collapse near a radio-loud quasar 1 Gyr after the Big Bang