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We report the discovery of TOI-2180 b, a 2.8 $M_{\rm J}$ giant planetorbiting a slightly evolved G5 host star. This planet transited only once inCycle 2 of the primary Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission.Citizen scientists identified the 24 hr single-transit event shortly after thedata were released, allowing a Doppler monitoring campaign with the AutomatedPlanet Finder telescope at Lick Observatory to begin promptly. The radialvelocity observations refined the orbital period of TOI-2180 b to be260.8$\pm$0.6 days, revealed an orbital eccentricity of 0.368$\pm$0.007, anddiscovered long-term acceleration from a more distant massive companion. Weconducted ground-based photometry from 14 sites spread around the globe in anattempt to detect another transit. Although we did not make a clear transitdetection, the nondetections improved the precision of the orbital period. Wepredict that TESS will likely detect another transit of TOI-2180 b in Sector 48of its extended mission. We use giant planet structure models to retrieve thebulk heavy-element content of TOI-2180 b. When considered alongside other giantplanets with orbital periods over 100 days, we find tentative evidence that thecorrelation between planet mass and metal enrichment relative to stellar isdependent on orbital properties. Single-transit discoveries like TOI-2180 bhighlight the exciting potential of the TESS mission to find planets with longorbital periods and low irradiation fluxes despite the selection biasesassociated with the transit method.

The TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. Confirmation of a Transiting Giant Planet on an Eccentric 261 day Orbit with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope