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ETHICAL FACTORS IN SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT
Author(s) -
Piotr Winskowski
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of architecture and urbanism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.257
H-Index - 7
eISSN - 2029-7955
pISSN - 2029-7947
DOI - 10.3846/13921630.2007.10697083
Subject(s) - existentialism , relation (database) , perception , aesthetics , stress (linguistics) , perspective (graphical) , the arts , event (particle physics) , history , accidental , environmental ethics , sociology , visual arts , art , epistemology , philosophy , linguistics , computer science , physics , quantum mechanics , database , acoustics
The paper consists of a review of the methods of emphasizing values in spatial environment seen in the public art of the second half of the 20th century. The most influential factors – the disputable status of arts between non-artistic sphere, the evolution of abstract art (both in the sense of the geometric shapes of pieces and the conceptual potential of its idea), the environmental perspective of contemporary art to accent the relation more than the solid piece – are regarded. Polish examples of Second World War memorials (Westerplatte, Gdansk, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau) and later tragic events (the Gdansk 1970 monument) as well as foreign ones (the Walter Benjamin memorial in Portbou, Spain) are discussed in relation to the above problems. The role of the accidental factors of commemoralized events and non-artistic aspects of its memorial’s perception are emphasized. They are seen as important keys for the reconstruction of the past existential situation in the mind and body of the contemporary perceiver / interactor. In this way the relationship between a past event and the present perception is formed in a very deep, intimate way. This strategy of using spatial medium for emphasizing an ethical message is also recognized in a contemporary, temporal installation (Helsinki 2000) as some proof of its present character and a wide potential for future public art.Etiniai veiksniai erdvinėje aplinkojeSantraukaApžvelgiamos kai kurios XX a. antrosios pusės viešumai skirto meno raidos tendencijos, išryškinusios vertybių ir jų ženklinimo erdvinėje aplinkoje slinktis. Apibrėžiami esminiai veiksniai, turėję įtakos šio laikotarpio viešumai skirto meno raidai: meno kūrinio ribų kitimas, abstraktaus ir konceptualaus meno sklaida, aplinkos svarba šiuolaikiniame mene akcentuojant ne tiek objektus, kiek jų kontekstualius ryšius. Viešumai skirto meno aspektai nagrinėjami aptariant kai kuriuos lenkų sukurtus memorialus, skirtus Antrojo pasaulinio karo aukoms (Vesterplatėje, Gdanske, Treblinkoje, Aušvice-Birkenau) ir kai kuriems vėlesniems tragiškiems visuomeniniams politiniams įvykiams atminti (1970 m. monumentas Gdanske, taip pat keli užsieniniai pavyzdžiai (Valterio Benjamino memorialas Portbou, Ispanijoje, Masaaki Nishi instaliacija Helsinkyje). Išryškinamas netikėtų sprendimų ir alternatyvių įženklinimo formų efektyvumas kuriant įtaigius atmintinius įvykius primenančius kūrinius. Daroma išvada, kad minėtos kompozicinės priemonės yra labai reikšmingos rekonstruojant praeityje buvusias situacijas ir kuriant interaktyvią suvokimo aplinką kaip etinio charakterio atspindį.

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