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Knee kinematics during gait is an important assessment tool in health-promotion and clinical fields. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a wearable goniometer sensor for measuring knee flexion angles throughout the gait cycle. Twenty-two and seventeen participants were enrolled in the validation and reliability study, respectively. The knee flexion angle during gait was assessed using a wearable goniometer sensor and a standard optical motion analysis system. The coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) between the two measurement systems was 0.992 ± 0.008. Absolute error (AE) was 3.3 ± 1.5° (range: 1.3-6.2°) for the entire gait cycle. An acceptable AE (&lt;5°) was observed during 0-65% and 87-100% of the gait cycle. Discrete analysis revealed a significant correlation between the two systems (R = 0.608-0.904, p ≤ 0.001). The CMC between the two measurement days with a 1-week interval was 0.988 ± 0.024, and the AE was 2.5 ± 1.2° (range: 1.1-4.5°). A good-to-acceptable AE (&lt;5°) was observed throughout the gait cycle. These results indicate that the wearable goniometer sensor is useful for assessing knee flexion angle during the stance phase of the gait cycle.

sensors

Validity and Reliability of a Wearable Goniometer Sensor Controlled by a Mobile Application for Measuring Knee Flexion/Extension Angle during the Gait Cycle