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In situ administration of vaginal probiotics has been proposed as an effective prevention strategy against gynecological diseases caused by microecological disorders. In this study, a thermosensitive in situ gel formulation was prepared for intravaginal delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri  (L. gasseri) . The optimized formulation was characterized for the rheological properties, in vitro release properties, and microencapsulation efficiency. The mixtures of poloxamer 407 (26.0% w / w ) and 188 (9.0% w / w ) produced an increase in gelation extent at 37 °C after dilution in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). The presence of a low concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA, 0.3% w / w ) improved the mucoadhesive properties and the capability to gel at 37 °C. Additionally, the viability of L. gasseri encapsulated with alginate or via co-extrusion technique with fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 0.5% w / w ) was maintained at 11 log CFU/mL for eight weeks at 4 °C. In conclusion, the evaluation of the in situ thermosensitive gel formulation was shown to be efficacious for intravaginal delivery of L. gasseri with suitable textural and rheological properties.

Development and Evaluation of a Thermosensitive In Situ Gel Formulation for Intravaginal Delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri