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Background and Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the cognitive function (CF) and aerobic fitness (AF) of 15 normal-weight (NW) and 15 overweight (OW) children, aged 6–12 years. In addition, the relationship between CF and AF was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The ANAM4 battery was used to evaluate CF, and a constant treadmill walking exercise (6 km/h for 6 min) and a progressive treadmill exercise (modified Balke test) were used to assess pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2). Results: The OW children displayed worse attention and visual tracking (88.95 ± 4.45% and 93.75 ± 3.16%), response inhibition (90.27 ± 1.54% and 93.67 ± 2%), and speed of processing (93.65 ± 1.5% and 94.4 ± 1.54%) than the NW children (p &lt; 0.05). The VO2 max was higher and the time constant of VO2 kinetics was shorter in NW children (56.23 ± 3.53 mL/kg/min and 21.73 ± 1.57 s, respectively) than in OW children (45.84 ± 1.89 mL/kg/min and 33.46 ± 2.9 s, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The OW children aged 6–12 years demonstrated poorer CF and lower AF than their NW peers. An association between AF and CF indicators was identified in both groups.

Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers