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Na-β″-alumina is the commercially most successful solid electrolyte due to its application in ZEBRA and NAS ® batteries. In this work, Li-stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes were doped with 3d transition metal oxides, namely TiO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 , and NiO, in order to improve their ionic conductivity and fracture strength. Due to XRD and EDX measurements, it was concluded that Mn- and Ni-ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of Na-β″-alumina. In contrast, TiO 2 doping results in the formation of secondary phases that enable liquid-assisted sintering at temperatures as low as 1500 °C. All dopants increased the characteristic fracture strength of the electrolytes; 1.5 wt% of NiO doping proved to be most efficient and led to a maximal characteristic fracture strength of 296 MPa. Regarding the ionic conductivity, TiO 2 doping showed the uppermost value of up to 0.30 S cm -1 at 300 °C. In contrast to the other dopants, TiO 2 doping lowered the sintering temperature needed to obtain a dense, stable, and highly conductive Na-β″-alumina electrolyte suitable for applications in Na based batteries.

Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes