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Several mechanisms are involved in the biological control of plant pathogens by the soil-borne  Trichoderma  spp. fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize a new strain of  Trichoderma  as a potential biological control agent to control the postharvest anthracnose of chili pepper caused by  Colletotrichum   gloeosporioides . A total of nine strains of  Trichoderma  spp. were screened for their antifungal activity using a dual culture assay against  C.   gloeosporioides .  Trichoderma koningiopsis  PSU3-2 was shown to be the most effective strain, with a percentage inhibition of 79.57%, which was significantly higher than that of other strains ( p  < 0.05). In the sealed plate method,  T. koningiopsis  PSU3-2 suppressed the growth of  C.   gloeosporioides  by 38.33%. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to trap volatiles emitted by  T. koningiopsis  PSU3-2, and the GC/MS profiling revealed the presence of antifungal compounds including azetidine, 2-phenylethanol, and ethyl hexadecanoate. The production of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) was assayed through cell-free culture filtrate (CF) of PSU3-2, and the enzyme activity of chitinase and  β -1,3-glucanase was 0.06 and 0.23 U/mL, respectively, significantly higher than that in the control ( p  < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy of the mycelium incubated in cell-free CF of  T. koningiopsis  PSU3-2 showed the abnormal shape of  C.   gloeosporioides  hyphae. Application of  T. koningiopsis  PSU3-2 by the dipping method significantly reduced the lesion size ( p  < 0.05) after inoculation with  C.   gloeosporioides  compared to the control, and there was no disease symptom development in  T. koningiopsis  PSU3-2-treated chili pepper. This study demonstrates that  T  . koningiopsis  PSU3-2 is an effective antagonistic microorganism and a promising biocontrol agent against postharvest anthracnose of chili pepper, acting with multiple mechanisms.

Biocontrol Mechanisms of Trichoderma koningiopsis PSU3-2 against Postharvest Anthracnose of Chili Pepper