English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Mancozeb, an antifungal typically used for the growth of fruits, has the characteristic of non-internal absorption, and has a risk of binding to the waxy components of fruits. This work investigated the interaction of pesticide molecules with the waxy layer on the grape surface and their effects on pesticide residues in grapes. The study observed significant changes in the compositions of the waxy layer on the grape surface after soaking in a mancozeb standard solution. The six substances-oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, octacosanol, hexacosanal, and γ-sitosterol-with discernible content differences were chosen for molecular docking. Docking results were further visualized by an independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH). Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were found between mancozeb and the six waxy components. Moreover, the negative matrix effects caused by the presence or absence of wax for the determination of mancozeb were different through the QuEChERS-HPLC-MS method. Compared with the residue of mancozeb in grapes (5.97 mg/kg), the deposition of mancozeb in grapes after dewaxing was significantly lower (1.12 mg/kg), which further supports that mancozeb may interact with the wax layer compositions. This work not only provides insights into the study of the interaction between pesticides and small molecules but also provides theoretical guidelines for the investigation of the removal of pesticide residues on the surface of fruits.

Interaction between Six Waxy Components in Summer Black Grapes (Vitis vinifera) and Mancozeb and Its Effect on the Residue of Mancozeb