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Biological imaging is an essential tool to visualise and obtain reference data. In this context, the programme ImageJ has been widely used in many disciplines to determine the surface areas of planar biological samples in marine and aquatic experimental biology. Despite its range of advantages, ImageJ is relatively time-consuming, because of the need to manually select the target areas for quantification. Hence, we here evaluated the freeware programme Photopea as a potential alternative by comparing the accuracy and time required for the surface area quantification of exemplary algae compared with established ImageJ analysis. Our results show that Photopea is equally accurate as ImageJ, but 45% more time efficient. This time efficiency originates from using colour contrast that reduces the time needed to analyse each picture. Photopea thus offers an accurate, rapid, and cost-free tool to easily obtain reference data from field and laboratory experiments. This tool is particularly useful for experiments with an extensive sample size of specimens and thus can increase the power of study results.

Comparative Evaluation of Free Web Tools ImageJ and Photopea for the Surface Area Quantification of Planar Substrates and Organisms