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Meloidogyne incognita  is a plant pathogen causing root-knot disease and loss of crop yield. The present study aimed to use  Trichoderma harzianum  as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes and used press mud, which is a solid waste by-product of sugarcane, as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. Therefore, the combined application of  T. harzianum  and press mud may enhance nematode control and plant growth. Elemental analysis of press mud using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) integrated with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer revealed the presence of different elements such as C, O, Mg, Si, P, K, Ca, Cu and Zn. In addition, a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of press mud and  T. harzianum on M. incognita  reproduction and growth and the biochemical features of  Psoralea corylifolia.  The results showed that plant length, dry biomass, leaf area, the number of seeds per plant, chlorophyll a, chl b, carotenoid content, nitrate reductase, carbonic anhydrase, and nitrogen content were significantly increased ( P  ≤ 0.05) in the T2 plants (plants were treated with 100 g of press mud + 50 mL  T. harzianum  before one week of  M. incognita inoculation),  over inoculated plants (IC). Antioxidant enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the foliage of  P. corylifolia  was significantly increased when plants were treated with press mud +  T. harzianum.  A significant reduction in the number of egg masses, nematode population, and root-knot index (RKI) was found in plants with T2 plants. These results suggest that the combined application of  T. harzianum  and press mud has the potential to control the  M. incognita  infection and can be used as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical nematicides and also help in the removal of sugarcane waste that causes environmental pollution.

phyton-international journal of experimental botany

Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematode  Meloidogyne incognita  in  Psoralea corylifolia  Plant by Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficacy of  Trichoderma harzianum  Using Press Mud