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The need for renewable energy sources makes microalgae an essential feedstock for biofuels production. The molecular aspects and the response to nitrogen (N)-limited conditions with a phytohormone stimulus in microalgae have been slightly explored. In this work,  Scenedesmus obliquus  was used as a study model to analyze the effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) coupled to nitrogen limitation on cell growth, biomass and fatty acids. The selected 10 -5  M BAP increased the biomass by 1.44-fold, and 10 -6  M GA by 1.35-fold. The total lipids also increased by 2.8 and 1.11-fold, respectively. The 10 -5  M BAP and 10 -6  M GA addition to  S. obliquus  cultures at different initial nitrogen percentages (N-0, N-25, and N-50) showed a significant increase in cell growth and biomass productivity compared to the unstimulated cultures. BAP N-0 and GA N-0 produced the highest lipid yields with 55% and 50%, respectively. The lipid profile analysis revealed an increase, particularly in C18:1 and C16:0 fatty acids. Gene expression analysis showed an over-expression of acyl carrying protein ( ACP) , stearoyl-ACP desaturase  (SAD) , fatty acid acyl-ACP thioesterase  (FATA) , and diacylglycerol acyltransferase ( DGAT ) genes, which were mainly induced by nitrogen limitation. Furthermore, BAP and GA produced a significant over-expression on these genes in the N-replete cultures. This study shows that BAP and GA, coupled to N limitation stress, can be used to increase the biomass and lipid production in  S. obliquus  for sustainable biofuels.

phyton-international journal of experimental botany

Benzyl Amino Purine and Gibberellic Acid Coupled to Nitrogen-Limited Stress Induce Fatty Acids, Biomass Accumulation, and Gene Expression in  Scenedesmus Obliquus