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The presented research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan, to study for the first time the effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes. A total of six taxa of charophytes were found at 41 sites in the Peshawar Valley along the banks of seven rivers, 16 streams and two wetlands:  Chara braunii  C.C.Gmelin,  C. connivens  Salzmann ex A. Braun,  C. contraria  A. Braun ex Kützing,  C. globularis  Thuiller,  C. vulgaris  Linnaeus, and  Nitellopsis obtusa  (Desvaux) J. Groves.  Chara vulgaris  was the most abundant species, followed by  C. globularis , and  C. contraria . Water pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were within the permissible limits for Pakistan, while water temperature, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and resistivity showed deviations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that DO affected  Chara vulgaris,  pH and resistivity affected  C. braunii, C. connivens  and  C. globularis , temperature and ORP affected  C. contraria  and  Nitellopsis obtusa.  Furthermore, CCA showed that TDS, EC, and salinity had no effect on the spatial distribution of  Chara contraria ,  C. vulgaris  and  Nitellopsis obtusa .  Chara contraria  and  Nitellopsis obtusa  should be protected under VU (Vulnerable) status (IUCN) along with their habitats.

Effect of water quality on the spatial distribution of charophytes in the Peshawar Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan