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Novice programmers often struggle with problem solving due to the highcognitive loads they face. Furthermore, many introductory programming coursesdo not explicitly teach it, assuming that problem solving skills are acquiredalong the way. In this paper, we present 'PCDIT', a non-linear problem solvingframework that provides scaffolding to guide novice programmers through theprocess of transforming a problem specification into an implemented and testedsolution for an imperative programming language. A key distinction of PCDIT isits focus on developing concrete cases for the problem early without actuallywriting test code: students are instead encouraged to think about the abstractsteps from inputs to outputs before mapping anything down to syntax. We reflecton our experience of teaching an introductory programming course using PCDIT,and report the results of a survey that suggests it helped students to breakdown challenging problems, organise their thoughts, and reach workingsolutions.

proceedings of the ... annual hawaii international conference on system sciences/proceedings of the annual hawaii international conference on system sciences

Steps Before Syntax: Helping Novice Programmers Solve Problems using the PCDIT Framework