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This article introduces the special issue "Technology Ethics in Action:Critical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives". In response to recentcontroversies about the harms of digital technology, discourses and practicesof "tech ethics" have proliferated across the tech industry, academia, civilsociety, and government. Yet despite the seeming promise of ethics, tech ethicsin practice suffers from several significant limitations: tech ethics is vagueand toothless, has a myopic focus on individual engineers and technologydesign, and is subsumed into corporate logics and incentives. These limitationssuggest that tech ethics enables corporate "ethics-washing": embracing thelanguage of ethics to defuse criticism and resist government regulation,without committing to ethical behavior. Given these dynamics, I describe techethics as a terrain of contestation where the central debate is not whetherethics is desirable, but what "ethics" entails and who gets to define it.Current approaches to tech ethics are poised to enable technologists andtechnology companies to label themselves as "ethical" without substantivelyaltering their practices. Thus, those striving for structural improvements indigital technologies must be mindful of the gap between ethics as a mode ofnormative inquiry and ethics as a practical endeavor. In order to betterevaluate the opportunities and limits of tech ethics, I propose asociotechnical approach that analyzes tech ethics in light of who defines itand what impacts it generates in practice.

The Contestation of Tech Ethics: A Sociotechnical Approach to Technology Ethics in Practice