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Single dominant genes for fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male-sterile  cms ANN2 have been identified in PI 413178, P21, and RCMG3, while PI 413180, P21, RHA801, RCMG1, and RHA280 were identified as restoration sources for  cms ANN3. However, some  cms  plants were observed in progenies of homozygous restoration lines crossed with HA89, RHA266, and RHA274. It is believed that HA89, RHA266, and RHA274 possess gene(s) which suppress, or silence the expression of some  Rf  genes. HA821 does not have silencing gene(s), thus producing all male-fertile progenies after crossing with the restoration lines. F 2  progenies of the half-diallel crosses among the three restoration lines for  cms ANN2 and among the five restoration lines for  cms ANN3 were nearly all male-fertile, suggesting a single  Rf  gene for each of the  cms  sources. However, testcross progeny families from crosses of half-diallel F 1  with respective  cms ANN2 and  cms ANN3 were not all male-fertile, with most families having all male-sterile plants or segregating for both male-sterile and male-fertile plants. This could happen if  cms ANN2(HA89) and  cms ANN3(HA89) contain silencing gene(s) obtained from backcrossing with HA89. Restoration lines containing silencing genes can be identified and the silencing genes eliminated. Hidden silencing gene(s) in  cms  lines is a problem, and lines without these genes, such as HA821, should be used to develop maintainer lines. Gene silencing appears to be simply inherited. Molecular marker development would assist in identifying lines without silencing genes.

helia

SILENCING OF FERTILITY RESTORATION GENES IN SUNFLOWER / SILENCIAMIENTO DEL GEN DE RESTAURACIÓN DE FERTILIDAD EN GIRASOL / “ENDORMISSEMENT” DES GÈNES DE RESTAURATION DE FERTILITÉ DU TOURNESOL