Open AccessEarly Detection of Negative Smoking Impacts: Vascular Adaptation Deviation Based on Quantification of Circulated Endothelial Activation Markers
Author(s) -
Kumboyono Kumboyono,
Wiwit Nurwidyaningtyas,
Indah Nur Chomsy,
Titin Andri Wihastuti
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
vascular health and risk management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.892
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1178-2048
pISSN - 1176-6344
DOI - 10.2147/vhrm.s296293
Subject(s) - endothelial activation , medicine , immunology , haematopoiesis , e selectin , ficoll , flow cytometry , stem cell , p selectin , l selectin , endothelium , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , platelet activation , platelet , andrology , inflammation , cell adhesion , cell adhesion molecule , cell , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , in vitro
Smoking can cause vascular damage in the form of an inflammatory reaction characterized by endothelial activation. Endothelial activation forms a pathological adaptation pattern so that it can induce the atherogenesis process. Several markers, such as E-selectin, platelet-derived micro particles (PMPs) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can identify the activation of endothelial in circulating blood. Therefore, the deviation of vascular adaptation due to smoking can be detected early through the feedback mechanism between E-selectin, PMPs, and HSC.