Open AccessNatural Polyphyllins (I, II, D, VI, VII) Reverses Cancer Through Apoptosis, Autophagy, Mitophagy, Inflammation, and Necroptosis
Author(s) -
Bashir Ahmad,
Yaser Gamallat,
Muhammad Fiaz Khan,
Syed Riaz Ud Din,
Muhammad Israr,
Manzoor Ahmad,
Tahir Naeem,
Nasir Azam,
Khalil Ur Rahman,
Xin Wang,
Wang Zexu,
Lin-jie Peng,
Pengyu Su,
Liang Wang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
oncotargets and therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.054
H-Index - 60
ISSN - 1178-6930
DOI - 10.2147/ott.s287354
Subject(s) - necroptosis , autophagy , inflammation , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , mitophagy , programmed cell death , apoptosis , cancer , cancer research , cancer cell , medicine , protein kinase b , pharmacology , chemistry , immunology , biochemistry
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have limited success because of secondary resistance. Therefore, safe, non-resistant, less toxic, and convenient drugs are urgently required. Natural products (NPs), primarily sourced from medicinal plants, are ideal for cancer treatment because of their low toxicity and high success. NPs cure cancer by regulating different pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ER stress, JNK, Wnt, STAT3, MAPKs, NF-kB, MEK-ERK, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, and necroptosis. Among the NPs, steroid saponins, including polyphyllins (I, II, D, VI, and VII), have potent pharmacological, analgesic, and anticancer activities for the induction of cytotoxicity. Recent research has demonstrated that polyphyllins (PPs) possess potent effects against different cancers through apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and necroptosis. This review summarizes the available studies on PPs against cancer to provide a basis for future research.